Tungsten
Tungsten Overview
Tungsten, also known as Wolfram, is a chemical element with the symbol W and atomic number 74. It belongs to the transition metals and is known for its extremely high density and the highest melting point of all metals. Tungsten was discovered in 1781 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele and later isolated by the Spanish brothers Juan and Fausto Elhuyar.
Properties of Tungsten
- Atomic Number: 74
- Symbol: W
- Atomic Mass: 183.84 u
- Group: Transition Metals
- State at Room Temperature: Solid
- Density: 19.25 g/cm³
- Melting Point: 3422 °C
- Boiling Point: 5555 °C
Discovery and History
Tungsten was discovered in 1781 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who identified a new element in wolframite ore. In 1783, Spanish chemists Juan José and Fausto Elhuyar successfully isolated the pure metal from wolframite.
Applications and Uses
Due to its unique properties, tungsten has numerous applications across various industries:
- Filaments: Used in light bulbs for its high melting point and luminous efficiency.
- Tools: Tungsten carbide is used in cutting tools and drills for its extreme hardness and wear resistance.
- Aerospace: Tungsten alloys are used in high-temperature applications and rocket propulsion systems.
- Electronics: Used in electron tubes, semiconductors, and X-ray tubes.
- Military: Applied in armor-piercing ammunition and protective armor.
Safety Measures
Metallic tungsten is relatively non-toxic, but tungsten dust and fumes should be avoided as they can be harmful to health. Protective measures should be taken to prevent contact and inhalation of dust and fumes.
Additional Information
Further details about tungsten and its applications can be found on scientific websites and in specialized literature.
Conclusion
Tungsten is a versatile element with numerous applications in lighting, tool manufacturing, aerospace, and electronics. Its exceptional properties make it a valuable material for various industrial and technological uses.