Thorium
Thorium (Th)
Thorium is a chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It belongs to the actinide group and is a weakly radioactive, silvery-white metal. Thorium was discovered in 1828 by Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius and named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.
Properties of Thorium
- Atomic Number: 90
- Symbol: Th
- Atomic Mass: 232.03806 u
- Group: Actinides
- State at Room Temperature: Solid
- Density: 11.7 g/cm³
- Melting Point: 1750 °C
- Boiling Point: 4788 °C
Discovery and History
Thorium was discovered in 1828 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius while analyzing mineral samples from Norway. He isolated the element from the mineral thorite, which he found near the town of Brevik.
Applications and Uses
- Nuclear Energy: Thorium can be used as fuel in nuclear reactors, especially in molten salt reactors (MSR) and thorium high-temperature reactors (THTR).
- Metal Alloys: Used in alloys with magnesium to improve strength and corrosion resistance.
- Glass Manufacturing: Thorium dioxide is used to produce high-refractive index glass and lenses.
- Electronics: Used in electron tubes and gas discharge lamps.
Safety Measures
Thorium is radioactive and must be handled with care. Safety measures should be taken to minimize exposure to radiation, including protective clothing, radiation detectors, and secure storage containers.
Additional Information
More information about thorium and its applications can be found on scientific websites and in specialized literature.
Conclusion
Thorium is an important element with key applications in nuclear energy, metallurgy, and glass manufacturing. Its unique properties make it a valuable material for various industrial and technological uses.