Bismuth
Bismuth is a chemical element with the symbol Bi and atomic number 83. It is a brittle, crystalline metal with a silvery-white sheen often tinged with pink. Bismuth is the heaviest stable element and possesses unique physical and chemical properties, making it useful in various industrial and medical applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
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Density: About 9.78 g/cm³
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Melting Point: Approx. 271.4 °C
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Crystal Structure: Rhombohedral
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Electrical Conductivity: Relatively low
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Thermal Conductivity: Low compared to other metals
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Diamagnetism: Strongly diamagnetic—the highest of all metals
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Brittleness: Easily breakable
Uses of Bismuth
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Alloys: Used to lower melting points in solder and fusible alloys; often replaces lead in lead-free products
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Medicine: Bismuth compounds like bismuth subsalicylate are used to treat gastrointestinal issues
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Cosmetics: Found in lipsticks and nail polishes for its non-toxic nature and pearlescent shine
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Nuclear Industry: Used as a coolant and shielding material in nuclear reactors
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Metallurgy: Used in casting alloys and specialty steels
Health and Environmental Aspects
Bismuth is considered one of the most environmentally friendly heavy metals due to its low toxicity. It is often used as a safer alternative to more toxic metals like lead. Nonetheless, standard safety precautions should be followed.
Summary
Bismuth is a versatile metal valued for its unique characteristics and non-toxicity. It plays an important role in modern industrial, medical, and cosmetic applications.
Further Information
For more about bismuth and its uses, consult specialist websites or chemical publications.